Method of cutting material for forming miter or bevel joints.



PATENTED APR, 4, 1905.

R. WALES.

' METHOD OF CUTTING MATERIAL FOR FORMING MITER 0R BEVEL JOINTS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 24. 1903. RENEWED SEPT. 7, 1904.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Jnme 7ziarx Wi wam PATENTED APR. 4, 1905.

R. WALES. METHOD OF CUTTING MATERIAL FOR FORMING MITER 0R BEVEL JOINTS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 24. 1903. RENEWED SEPT. 7, 1904.

5 SHEETSSHEET 2.

F/G-B- No. 786,539. I PATENTED APR. 4, 1905. R. WALES.

METHOD OF CUTTING MATERIAL FOR FORMING MITER 0R BEVEL JOINTS.

' APPILIOATIOIII FILED NOV. 24. 1903. RENEWED SEPT. 7, 1904.

5 SHEETS-SHEET a.

Irzvezztar.

PATENTED APR. 4, 1905. R. WALES.

METHOD OF CUTTING MATERIAL FOR FORMING MITER OR BEVEL JOINTS.

'ABPLIGATION FILED NO-V. 24. 1903. BENEWED SBPT. 7, 1904.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

In U6 ztor. Ww7mmw/ fi was m'fiorrw PATENTED APR. 4, 1905.

R. WALES. METHOD OF CUTTING MATERIAL FOR FORMING MITER 0R BEVBL JOINTS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 24. 1903. RENEWED SEPT. 7. 1804.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

.Znygncior.

UNITED STATES Patented April 4, 1905 PATENT OFFICE.

METHOD OF (EUTTING MATERIAL FOR FORMING MITER OR BEVEL JOINTS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 786,539, dated April 4,1905.

Application filed November 24,1903. Renewed leptember 7,1904. Serial No.223,656.

To all whom it 'IH/(I/y concern.-

Be it known that-I, ROBERT WVALEs, engineer,of 5 Commercial Chambers,Manse street, Dunedin, New Zealand, have invented a certain new anduseful Method of Cutting Material to Form Miter or Bevel Joints, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a method of cutting pieces of material, suchas molding and the like. together in order to form miter or bevel jointswhen the cut ends of the pieces are joined together.

It is known that strips of material may be out together so that the cutends will match and form miter-joints by holding the strips crossing inparallel planes; but it has been considered impossible to cut strips ofmaterial together for the purpose described in any other Way. I have,however, discovered that strips of material may be out together so thatthe cut ends will match and form miter-joints by holding the stripscrossing in planes not parallel, but divergent.

The principle of this invention may be broadly described by consideringtwo supporting rectangular surfaces lying side by side in the sameplane, but separated by a path for cutting means with a correspondingend of each surface in a straight line perpendicular to the path, saidstraight line being the axis for both the supporting-surfaces. If one ofthe supporting-surfaces be moved round the said axis, so that thesupporting-surfaces become divergent, a strip of material may be held onone of the supporting-surfaces at an angle with the path, and anotherstrip may be held on the other supporting-surface at an angle with saidfirst strip and with the path, crossing the first strip at the path.Cutting means operating in the path in a plane perpendicular to thedivergent supporting-surfaces will cut the strips together so that theircut ends will match and form a miter or bevel joint when placedtogether. In the case of a circular saw one strip of material issupported at an angle with the plane of said saw in a radial planepassing through the axis of the spindle of said saw or in a planeparallel to and equidistant from such radial plane, and 5 another stripof material is supported at an angle with and crossing the first stripand on the other side of the plane of said saw in a different radialplane also passing through the axis of said spindle or in a planeparallel to and equidistant from such a radial plane, and the two stripsare out together simultaneously by moving the strips in said planestoward the saw-spindle. In other cases where a handsaw is used thestrips are not moved, but are cut by the hand-saw being moved throughthem. In such cases the saw will not, however, pass through the stripssimultaneously from the beginning to the end of the cut.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the method and also a machine foruse with a circular saw in accordance with this invention. In themachine there are two rests at an angle with each other on each side ofa conveniently located and operated circular saw. The supporting-surfaceof each rest is in a radial plane passing through the axis of thesawspindle or in a plane parallel to and equidistant from such a radialplane, one or both of said rests being adapted to move in a circularpath round said axis and both rests being mounted so as to have asimultaneous movement in their planes toward and from the axis of thesaw-spindle. One strip of material is supported on one rest at a desiredangle with and crossing closely above a second strip of materialsupported on the other rest, so that when the rests are moved toward thesawspindle the saw commences to cut the two pieces of material at theiredges simultaneously and traverses and passes out of themsimultaneously, so that they will match and may be subsequently joinedtogether at the cut ends to form a miter or bevel joint without anyfitting.

Figure l is a diagram for illustrating the method when divergent planesare used simply. Fig. 2 is a diagram giving a perspective view of Fig. lwith the planes divergent. Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating the methodwhen divergent radial planes are used with a circular saw. Fig. 4 is adiagram illustrating the method when divergent planes parallel to andequidistant from radial planes are used with a circular saw. Fig. 5 is aplan of a machine with a circular saw. Fig. 6 is a part sectional viewshowing the arrangement of the sawspindle and its bearings. Fig. 7 is afront elevation of the machine. Fig. 8 is a side elevation of themachine from the right, showing one rest adapted to be moved in acircular path. Fig. 9 is a side elevation of the machine from the left.

The same reference letters and numerals indicate the same or similarparts.

Figs. 1 and 2 are diagrams illustrating the method when divergent radiallines are used simply. In Fig. 1 the supportingsurfaces A B are shownlying side by side in the same plane, but separated by a path C forcutting means, having their ends .1) E in the same straight line, whichis perpendicular to the said path and is also the axis upon which bothsupporting-surfaces may revolve. In Fig. 2 one of thesupporting-surfaces A has been moved round said axis, so that thesupporting-surfaces A B become divergent. A strip of material F may beheld on the upper supporting-surface A at an angle with the path (J, andanother strip, (1, may be held on the lower supporting-surface B at anangle with said first strip F and with the path C, the strips crossingeach other at path C. Cutting means operate in the path C in a planeperpendicular to both the divergent supportingsurfaces and cut thestrips together, but not quite simultaneously unless a circular saw isused with its spindle for the said axis to form a miter or bevel joint.

Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating the method when divergent radial planesare used with a circular saw, a machine carrying out this method beingillustrated in Figs. 5 to 9, inclusive. It will be seen from Fig. 3 thatthe divergent planes A B are radialthat is, when produced the ends willlie in a straight line passing through the axis H of the saw Jperpendicular to the plane of the saw J, which lies between the planes AB, said plane of the saw being perpendicular to both divergent planes.In this case the circular saw will cut the strips sin'iultal'ieously.

Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating the method when divergent planesparallel to and equidistant from radial planes are used with a circularsaw. It will be seen from Fig. 4 that the divergent planes A B whenproduced touch a cylinder whose axis is the axis of the said spindle,said axis being perpendicular to the plane of the saw, which plane isperpendicular to both divergent planes. In this case the circular sawwill cut the strips simultaneously.

Following is a description of the machine used with a circular. saw andillustrated in Figs. 5 to 9, inclusive, of the accompanying drawings:The main bracket of the machine consists of two checks 1 and 2,supported by a base 3. A bracket 4, bolted to the inside of the cheek 1,supports pivotally a guidebracket 5, which is thus adapted to move in anarc of a circle round the axis of the sawspindle 6. The guide-bracket 5has a projecting quadrant 7, provided with a slot 8, engaging a pin 9,studded to the cheek 1 and carrying a wing-nut 10, so that theguidebracket 5 may be secured in any desired position. Amovablemolding-rest 11, provided with a back or flange 28, has a lug 12 withits under surface machined and adapted to slide on opposing machinedstrips 13 14, placed parallel with the plane of the saw on a lug 15,which is integral with the guide-bracket 5. The molding-rest 11 is shownfixed at an angle of forty-five degrees with the plane of the saw 16,and its supporting-surface is in a radial plane passing through the axisof the saw-spindle. It has a parallel movement toward and from the sawby sliding on the machined strips 13 14, and it is prevented from beingdisplaced laterally by guide-bars 17 and 18, which embrace said machinedstrips and are secured to the lug 12. The molding-rest 11 has also byits connection with the pivotally-supported bracket 5 a movement in anarc of a circle round the axis of the saw-spindle. A second molding-rest19, provided with a back or flange 40, shown as not movable in acircular path, has a lug 20attached thereto similar to the lug 12, thatis attached to the 'rest11. The under surface of the lug-2O is machinedand is adapted to slide on opposing machined strips placed parallel withthe plane of the saw on a lug 21, integral with asupportingbracket 22,secured to the outside of the check 2. The molding-rest 19 is shownfixed at an angle of forty-five degrees with the plane of the saw 16 andat an angle of ninety degrees with the movable molding-rest 11 and withits supporting-surface in a radial plane passing through the axis of thesaw-spindle. The molding-rest 19 has also a parallel movement toward andfrom the saw, being adapted to slide on the machined strips referred to,and it is prevented from being displaced laterally by guide-barsembracing said strips and secured to the lug 20, as before described inthe case of the molding-rest 11. The flange 40 of the molding-rest 19has a piece cut out of its inner end 23 for the purpose of allowing amolding 25, lying on the movable molding-rest 11, to cross above amolding 24, lying on the molding-rest 19. The bearings 26 and 27 for thesaw-spindle 6, respectively mounted on the checks 1 and 2, are providedwith the usual brass bushes and covers. A second bearing 29, constructedsimilarly to the bearings 26 and 27, is attached to the check 2 of themain bracket, so that the machine may be driven from the left side. Asimilar hearing may also be attached in a similar position on the cheek1, so that the machine may be driven from the right side, if so desired.A spindle 30, supported by the bearing 29, has a pulley 31 adapted torun loose on it and has also a second pulley 32 keyed on it. A collar 33keeps the loose pulley 31 in position. A spur-wheel 34, Fig. 1, is keyedon the inner end of the spindle in a position that will permit it togear with a pinion 35, which is mounted on and secured to thesaw-spindle 6,

The arrangement of the saw-spindle 6 and its bearings is illustrated inFig. 2 and is as follows: A boss 36, integral With the pinion 35, formsa journal for and is supported by and rotates in the bearing 27. Thesaw-spindle 6 is formed, preferably, with one portion 37 of largerdiameter than the remaining portion 38. A saw-collar 39, circular saw16, a second saw-collar 41, and pinion are fitted to the portion 38 ofthe saw-spindleof smaller diameter. The saw-collars 39 and 41, the saw16, and the pinion 35 are secured, by means of a washer 42 and nut 43,on the end of the saw-spindle against a shoulder 44,

formed at the junction of the two portions of the saw-spindle 6. Theportion 37 of the sawspindlc of larger diameter forms a journal which issupported by and rotates on the hearing 26. By these arrangements thesaw-spinother as the rests are moved toward the sawspindle, and thispermits larger collars 39 and 41 to be used for the purposes of reducingthe Wabbling of the saw when in motion.

The rests may be moved toward the saw by hand or in order to securesimultaneous movement by the following means: A chain 45 has one of itsends 46 attached to the molding-rest 19 and its other end attached to ashackle 47, which is secured, by means of the bolt 48, to a foot-lever49. The chain 45 is supported by and is adapted to slide over pulleys50, 51, and 52, suitably placed on the cheeks. A second chain 53,supported by and adapted to slide over a pulley 54, has one of its endsattached to the molding-rest 11 and its other end attached to a rod 56.The

lower end of the rod 56 is secured to the shackle 47.

In operation a molding 24 is placed on the molding-rest 19 With an end58 projecting past the plane of the saw, and the movable molding-rest 11is moved in an arc and clamped at such a distance from the molding-rest19 as will enable a second molding 25, placed on the rest 11, to lie inthe opening 23 at the inner end of the flange of the molding-rest 19,with its end 57 crossing the end 58 of the molding 24. When pressure isput on the foot-piece 59 of the lever 49 the moldingrests Will be drawnforward toward the saw simultaneously, with their supporting-surfaces inradial planes passing through the axis of the saw-spindle and also sothat any point on either rest will move in a plane parallel to the planeof the saw. The rests may be drawn back by hand to their startingposition.

Having now described my invention, what 1 claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. The herein-described method of cutting material to form a miter orbevel joint which consists in holding two stripsof material, crossed andin divergent horizontal and divergent vertical planes, and cutting saidstrips simultaneously, substantially as described.

2. Method of cutting material to form a miter-joint, which consists inholding two strips of the material crossed in two divergent radialplanes one on each side of a circular saw, both planes passing throughthe axis of the saw-spindle and cutting the strips simultaneouslytogether substantially as described.

34 The herein-described improvement in the art of making miter-jointswhich consists in arranging two pieces to be miter-jointed together indivergent horizontal and divergent vertical planes and so as to crosseach other, and passing a dividing-blade through them at thecrossing-line whereby each piece in the joint will be the exactcounterpart of the opposed piece and then uniting such pieces to eachother on the line of division, substantially as described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twowitnesses.

ROBERT \VA LES.

W'itnesses:

A. J. PARK, J. R. PARK.

